February 1, 2024 Winter salt, commonly used for de-icing roads and sidewalks in Colorado, poses hidden risks to trees in your landscape. While road salt is effective in preventing slips and falls, it can have detrimental effects on the health of your trees. Understanding these risks is crucial for Colorado Springs homeowners, business owners and landscapers to take proactive measures in protecting the trees during the winter months. The following are some of the hidden risks of winter salt on trees and ways to mitigate potential damage. Impacts on Soil and Tree Roots Road salt, when deposited on the soil around trees, can contribute to soil compaction, which impacts the roots. Compacted soil restricts root growth and reduces the tree’s ability to absorb essential nutrients and water. Over time, this can lead to stress and weakened overall tree health. Compacted soil also hinders the movement of air and water in the root zone, further compromising the tree’s ability to thrive. Healthy soil relies on a diverse community of microorganisms that contribute to nutrient cycling and overall soil fertility. Winter salt can disrupt this balance by inhibiting the activity of beneficial soil bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter and making nutrients available to trees. Disruption of the soil microbial community can lead to nutrient imbalances and negatively impact the long-term health of trees. Excessive exposure to salt can lead to damage to tree roots, particularly fine feeder roots responsible for nutrient absorption. Salt interferes with the osmotic balance within the roots, making it challenging for trees to take up water. Desiccation Risk Winter salt can contribute to desiccation, a condition where trees lose moisture faster than they can absorb it. Salt-laden soils have reduced water availability for trees, especially during dry winter periods or when the ground is frozen. Desiccation can lead to leaf scorch, where the edges of leaves turn brown and crispy due to insufficient moisture. Salt Accumulation in Tissues Trees absorb salt through their roots, and when salt levels in the soil are high, it can accumulate in the tree’s tissues. Salt accumulation can disrupt the balance of essential nutrients, leading to nutrient deficiencies. Additionally, excessive salt levels can directly harm the tree’s vascular system, affecting the transport of water and nutrients throughout the tree. Over time, this can result in stunted growth, branch dieback, and an overall decline in tree health. Mitigating the Risks There are ways to reduce the risks of tree damage from winter salt. Consider using alternative de-icing materials that are less harmful to trees, such as sand, gravel, or calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). These alternatives provide traction without introducing excess salt into the soil. Some other considerations include: Apply Salt Moderately: If you must use salt, apply it judiciously and avoid excessive use. Use the recommended amounts based on weather conditions and follow application guidelines to minimize the impact on trees. Flush Soil with Water: In early spring, when the weather allows, thoroughly water the soil around trees to flush out excess salt. This helps dilute salt concentrations in the soil and promotes leaching. Mulch Around Trees: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of trees to help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature. Mulch acts as a protective barrier, reducing the impact of salt on tree roots. Choose Salt-Tolerant Tree Species: When selecting trees for your landscape, consider choosing species that are more tolerant to salt. Some trees, such as certain types of pine and maple, exhibit higher salt tolerance and are better equipped to withstand winter salt exposure. Prune Salt-Damaged Branches: If you notice salt damage on tree branches, consider pruning affected areas to encourage new, healthy growth. Proper pruning practices can help trees recover from salt-related stress. Consult with a Professional Arborist: If you are concerned about the health of your trees and potential salt damage, consult with one of our professional arborists at Front Range Arborists. Our tree experts can assess the condition of your trees, provide recommendations for mitigation and implement proper care practices. By understanding the hidden risks of winter salt on trees and implementing proactive measures, homeowners, businesses, and landscapers can help preserve the health and vitality of their trees throughout the winter months in Colorado. Choosing alternative de-icing materials, applying salt judiciously, and adopting tree-friendly practices with the help of an arborist contribute to a healthier and more resilient urban forest ecosystem. To learn more about caring for your trees in the Colorado Springs area, contact our team at Front Range Arborists.
